golang操作数据库的orm框架gin gorm基本使用
字段映射-模型定义
gorm中通常用struct来映射字段. gorm教程中叫模型定义
比如我们定义一个模型Model:
type User struct {
gorm.Model
UserId int64 `gorm:"index"` //设置一个普通的索引,没有设置索引名,gorm会自动命名
Birtheday time.Time
Age int `gorm:"column:age"`//column:一个tag,可以设置列名称
Name string `gorm:"size:255;index:idx_name_add_id"`//size:设置长度大小,index:设置索引,这个就取了一个索引名
Num int `gorm:"AUTO_INCREMENT"`
Email string `gorm:"type:varchar(100);unique_index"`//type:定义字段类型和大小
AddressID sql.NullInt64 `gorm:"index:idx_name_add_id"`
IgnoreMe int `gorm:"_"`
Description string `gorm:"size:2019;comment:'用户描述字段'"`//comment:字段注释
Status string `gorm:"type:enum('published', 'pending', 'deleted');default:'pending'"`
}
上面的gorm.Model 定义如下:
type Model struct {
ID uint `gorm:"primary_key"`//primary_key:设置主键
CreatedAt time.Time
UpdatedAt time.Time
DeletedAt *time.Time
}
当然我们也可以不用gorm.Model,自己定义一个差不多的类型
如果你用ID,系统会自动设为表的主键,当然我们可以自己定义主键:
比如:
// 使用`AnimalID`作为主键
type Animal struct {
AnimalID int64 `gorm:"primary_key"`
Name string
Age int64
}
参考:https://gorm.io/zh_CN/docs/conventions.html
创建表
直接看下面的例子:createtable.go
package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
"time"
)
type User struct {
gorm.Model
UserId int64 `gorm:"index"`
Birtheday time.Time
Age int `gorm:"column:age"`
Name string `gorm:"size:255;index:idx_name_add_id"`
Num int `gorm:"AUTO_INCREMENT"`
Email string `gorm:"type:varchar(100);unique_index"`
AddressID sql.NullInt64 `gorm:"index:idx_name_add_id"`
IgnoreMe int `gorm:"_"`
Description string `gorm:"size:2019;comment:'用户描述字段'"`
Status string `gorm:"type:enum('published', 'pending', 'deleted');default:'pending'"`
}
//设置表名,默认是结构体的名的复数形式
func (User) TableName() string {
return "VIP_USER"
}
func main() {
db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=True&loc=Local")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("connect db err: ", err)
}
defer db.Close()
if db.HasTable(&User{}) { //判断表是否存在
db.AutoMigrate(&User{}) //存在就自动适配表,也就说原先没字段的就增加字段
} else {
db.CreateTable(&User{}) //不存在就创建新表
}
}
上面的gorm.Open()操作,如果想指定主机话,就需要加上括号 ()
例如:
user:password@(localhost)/dbname?charset=utf8&parseTime=True&loc=Local
上面的程序中,先新建了一个数据库名叫 gormdemo
,然后运行:go run createtable.go
, 成功运行后,数据库就会出现一张名为 vip_user
的表。
增删改查
新建一个gormdemo的数据库,然后执行下面的sql语句,就会建立一个animals的表,里面还有一些测试数据
CREATE TABLE `animals` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT 'galeone',
`age` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of animals
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ('1', 'demo-test', '20');
INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ('2', 'galeone', '30');
INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ('3', 'demotest', '30');
INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ('4', 'jim', '90');
INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ('5', 'jimmy', '10');
INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ('6', 'jim', '23');
INSERT INTO `animals` VALUES ('7', 'test3', '27');
增加(Add)
例子:create.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
)
type Animal struct {
ID int64
Name string
Age int64
}
func main() {
db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("connect db error: ", err)
}
defer db.Close()
animal := Animal{Name: "demo-test", Age: 20}
db.Create(&animal)
}
说明:上面的这个例子,自己在mysql中创建一个animals的数据表,字段为id,name,age
查找
select.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
)
type Animal struct {
ID int64
Name string
Age int64
}
//https://gorm.io/zh_CN/docs/query.html
func main() {
db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("connect db error: ", err)
}
defer db.Close()
//根据逐渐查询第一条记录
var animal Animal
db.First(&animal)
fmt.Println(animal)
//根据逐渐查询最后一条记录
var animal2 Animal
db.Last(&animal2)
fmt.Println(animal2)
//指定某条记录(仅当主键为整型时可用)
var animal3 Animal
db.First(&animal3, 2)
fmt.Println(animal3)
//where条件
//符合条件的第一条记录
var animal4 Animal
db.Where("name = ?", "demotest2").First(&animal4)
fmt.Println("where : ", animal4, animal4.ID, animal4.Name, animal4.Age)
//符合条件的所有记录
var animals5 []Animal
db.Where("name = ?", "galeone").Find(&animals5)
fmt.Println(animals5)
for k, v := range animals5 {
fmt.Println("k:", k, "ID:", v.ID, "Name:", v.Name, "Age:", v.Age)
}
//IN
var animals6 []Animal
db.Where("name IN (?)", []string{"demo-test", "demotest2"}).Find(&animals6)
fmt.Println(animals6)
//LIKE
var animals7 []Animal
db.Where("name like ?", "%jim%").Find(&animals7)
fmt.Println(animals7)
//AND
var animals8 []Animal
db.Where("name = ? AND age >= ?", "jim", "24").Find(&animals8)
fmt.Println(animals8)
//总数
var count int
var animals9 []Animal
db.Where("name = ?", "galeone").Or("name = ?", "jim").Find(&animals9).Count(&count)
fmt.Println(animals9)
fmt.Println(count)
//Scan, 原生查询
var animals10 []Animal
db.Raw("SELECT id, name, age From Animals WHERE name = ? AND age = ? ", "galeone", "30").Scan(&animals10)
fmt.Println("Scan: ", animals10)
//原生查询,select all
var animals11 []Animal
rows, _ := db.Raw("SELECT id,name FROM Animals").Rows()
//注意:上面的 select id,name 后面不能写成 * 代替,不然出来的结果都是默认0值
//像这样结果: ALL: [{0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0} {0 0}]
//Scan 后面是什么字段,select 后面就紧跟什么字段
for rows.Next() {
var result Animal
rows.Scan(&result.ID, &result.Name)
animals11 = append(animals11, result)
}
fmt.Println("ALL: ", animals11)
//output:ALL: [{1 demo-test 0} {2 galeone 0} {3 demotest2 0} {4 galeone 0} {5 galeone 0} {6 jim 0} {7 jimmy 0}]
//select 查询
var animal12 Animal
db.Select("name,age").Find(&animal12) //只查询name,age字段,相当于select name,age from user
fmt.Println("select: ", animal12)
// db.Select([]string{"name", "age"}).Find(&animal12)
// fmt.Println("select2: ", animal12)
}
更新
update.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
)
type Animal struct {
ID int64
Name string
Age int64
}
func main() {
db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("connect db error: ", err)
}
defer db.Close()
///根据一个条件更新
//根据条件更新字段值,
//后面加Debug(),运行时,可以打印出sql
db.Debug().Model(&Animal{}).Where("id = ? ", 4).Update("name", "jimupdate")
//UPDATE `animals` SET `name` = 'jimupdate' WHERE (id = 4)
//另外一种写法: 根据条件更新
var animal Animal
animal = Animal{ID: 3}
db.Debug().Model(animal).Update("name", "demotest2update")
// db.Debug().Model(&animal).Update("name", "demotest2update") // 这种写法也可以
//UPDATE `animals` SET `name` = 'demotest2update' WHERE `animals`.`id` = 3
/// 多个条件更新
db.Model(&Animal{}).Where("id = ? AND age = ?", 4, 45).Update("name", "jimupdate3")
//UPDATE `animals` SET `name` = 'jimupdate2' WHERE (id = 4 AND age = 45)
/// 更新多个值
db.Debug().Model(&Animal{}).Where("id = ?", 4).Update(Animal{Name: "jim", Age: 90})
// UPDATE `animals` SET `age` = 90, `name` = 'jim' WHERE (id = 4)
animal2 := Animal{ID: 5}
db.Debug().Model(&animal2).Update(map[string]interface{}{"name": "jimm", "age": 100})
//UPDATE `animals` SET `age` = 100, `name` = 'jimm' WHERE `animals`.`id` = 5
}
删除
delete.go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
)
type Animal struct {
ID int64
Name string
Age int64
}
func main() {
db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "root:root@/gormdemo?charset=utf8&parseTime=true&loc=Local")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("connect db error: ", err)
}
defer db.Close()
db.Debug().Where("id = ?", 13).Delete(&Animal{})
// DELETE FROM `animals` WHERE (id = 13)
db.Debug().Delete(&Animal{}, "id = ? AND age = ?", 14, 10)
//DELETE FROM `animals` WHERE (id = 14 AND age = 10)
}
Debug
在db后面直接加上 Debug(), 比如delete.go 里面的例子
参考